小波随机耦合模型在查哈阳农场降雨量预测中应用

采用小波变换A Trous算法对小波信号进行分解后,对各小波变换序列进行互相关分析,建立各小波变换序列相应的随机模型,最后采用小波重构算法得到小波随机耦合模型.然后根据查哈阳农场1956-2008年作物生育期月降雨量数据资料,建立了小波随机耦合模型,对模型进行拟合预测精度检验,研究表明该模型拟合预测精度高,能够反映该地区的降雨量变化规律,是一种实用的预报模型.对当地制定合理的灌溉制度和高效利用降水资源具有重要意义.     

基于HJ-CCD数据和随机森林算法的小麦叶面积指数反演

为给小麦长势的遥感监测提供技术支持,该文运用随机森林回归(RF,random forest)算法建立小麦叶面积指数(LAI)遥感反演模型。首先基于2010-2013年江苏地区小麦环境减灾卫星HJ-CCD的影像数据,提取拔节、孕穗和开花3个生育期的卫星植被指数,进而根据各生育期植被指数和相应实测LAI数据,利用RF算法构建各期小麦LAI反演模型,并以人工神经网络(ANN,artificial neural network)模型为参比模型进行预测精度的比较。结果表明:RF算法模型在3个生育期的预测结果均好于同期的ANN模型。拔节、孕穗和开花3个生育期RF模型预测值与地面实测值的R2分别为0.79,0.67和0.59,对应的RMSE分别为0.57,0.90和0.78;ANN模型的R2分别为0.67,0.31和0.30,对应的RMSE分别为0.82,1.94和1.43。该研究结果为提高大田尺度下的小麦LAI遥感预测精度提供了技术和方法。     

相依随机变量序列的完全收敛性

Hus和Robbin于1947年提出了完全收敛性的概念,完全收敛比几乎处处收敛条件更严格。本文通过构造收敛鞅,证明了相依随机变量序列的完全收敛性。作为推论,证明了负相依随机变量序列的完全收敛性。     

Comparative efficiency of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under greenhouse conditions for promoting growth and aloin-A content of Aloe barbadensis

This study was conducted with Aloe barbadensis in order to investigate the efficacy of four phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Pseudomonas synxantha 10223, Burkholderia gladioli 10242, Enterobacter hormaechei 10240 and Serratia marcescens 10241 to solubilize Mussorie rock phosphate (MRP) and to evaluate its effects on growth, soluble P content and P uptake compared with control, i.e. uninoculated plants. Pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in soil supplemented with MRP. Each PSB treatment showed different effects on different plant growth parameters. The maximum increase in leaf length (23.7%), total number of leaves (33.33%) and dry rind weight (69.10%) was observed in plants treated with P. synxantha 10223 compared with control. Whereas, maximum increase in root length (23.43%), fresh leaves weight (79.03%), dry gel weight (113.08%) and total gel volume (112.10%), was observed in plants treated with S. marcescens 10241 compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum increase in aloin-A content [114.92% (per g dry gel weight) and 322.32% (per plant dry gel weight)] was observed in plants treated with P. synxantha 10223 compared with control plants. Root colonization by inoculated PSB as estimated by RAPD technique showed that all PSB were able to survive in the rhizosphere of Aloe plants.     

不平整路面履带车辆动力传动系统扭转随机激励研究

为计算分析履带车辆传动系统扭转随机激励，以标准路面不平度统计特征为基础，实现路面激励时频转换。同时分析扭转随机激励产生机理，提出其理论计算公式，并且通过对相关部件模型的数学抽象，建立不同路面下履带整车动力学模型。通过实例仿真得到某履带车辆扭转随机激励谱，探讨了路面不平度、车速和预张紧力对其产生的影响。研究结果表明，路面不平度和车速是影响扭转随机激励的主要因素。     

凡纳滨对虾引进群体和2个养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

利用8个微卫星标记对引进的SPF凡纳滨对虾G0和两个养殖群体(G1,G2)进行遗传多样性分析。8个座位共获得64个等位基因,位点的等位基因数在5~l3之间。多态信息含量PIC在0.405 2~0.869 3之间,其中有6个位点为高度多态位点,适合于多态性分析。8个座位丢失的和新产生的等位基因共30个,占总数的47%。3个群体的平均观测杂合度分别为0.193 8、0.196 1、0.232 5,说明3个群体的遗传多样性较低。对近交系数Fis分析显示3个群体中存在近交,通过对哈迪温伯格平衡检验,显示所有座位均显著偏离平衡,存在杂合子缺失。通过配对Fst和Ne i遗传距离分析,显示3个群体之间有明显的遗传分化,说明种群结构发生了明显的遗传变异,变异可能来自于突变、随机漂变和选择的共同作用。实验结果能够很好地解释经过若干群体选育后,子代群体发生种质退化的现状,由此建议综合采用遗传育种的方法从引进的亲虾中筛选出性状优良稳定的仔虾作为虾苗。     

Population structure,genetic diversity,and sexual state of the rice brown spot pathogen Bipolaris oryzae from three Asian countries

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot in rice (Oryza sativa) inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. In this study, B. oryzae isolates sampled from Iran, the Philippines and Japan were analysed with 12 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, newly developed from the genome sequence of the fungus. Among the 288 B. oryzae isolates genotyped, 278 unique haplotypes were identified. High genotype numbers (richness) with even distribution (evenness) were found within the collection sites. Both mating types, MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2, were present in each collection area, and the sexual state was induced under controlled conditions with production of viable ascospores. However, the tests of linkage disequilibrium rejected of the hypothesis of random mating. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the B. oryzae collection formed three clusters, each consisting of isolates from different collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (amova ) showed that genetic variation among clusters was 18.7%, with the rest of the variation distributed within clusters (R_ST = 0.187, P < 0.001). Statistically significant pairwise genetic differentiation was found between the clusters. These results show that Asian B. oryzae isolates are genetically diverse, and, overall, distributed in three groups. These findings will be helpful in managing the disease and guide the use of representative isolates needed for selection of resistant rice varieties.     

基于随机森林的农耕区土壤有机质空间分布预测

以陕西省周至县农耕区为研究区,采集192个土壤样品,通过随机森林模型(random forest, RF)对土壤有机质含量进行回归预测,通过29个(15%)独立验证点对预测结果进行精度验证,并与普通克里格(ordinary kriging,OK)和协同克里格(cokriging,COK)插值结果进行对比分析。结果表明,研究区土壤有机质含量在训练集和验证集中均属于中等变异性,含量处于中等偏低水平,大致表现为中、南部黑河东岸土壤有机质含量相对较高,东北部渭河沿岸含量较低。对变量重要性进行排序,影响研究区土壤有机质的主要因素为数字高程(DEM)和降水量。与OK、COK相比, RF对土壤有机质的预测值和实测值的相关系数(0.782)更高,而平均绝对误差(0.618 g·kg^-1)和均方根误差(2.062 g·kg^-1)更低,说明RF能够更精确地反映局部土壤有机质含量的空间变化信息。     

濒危树种金钱松RAPD体系的建立和遗传多样性分析

通过优化随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD） 反应体系,对浙江省不同来源的金钱松Pseudolarix amabilis进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：18条随机引物在62个样品中可检测到172个可重复位点,其中多态性位点有170个,多态性比率为99.2%。聚类分析的结果表明：同一来源金钱松材料聚为一类,说明金钱松天然群体的RAPD多态性分类和其地理分布有一定的关系,但也有特殊个体不一致,表明金钱松天然种群体存在较高的遗传多样性,并建议对金钱松进行就地保存和迁地保存。图2表3参31     

部分表型交配群体的信息熵

研究了在世代交替中群体总有50%的个体表型同型交配、50%的的个体随机交配的大盂德尔群体,推得各世代基因型频率分布、母子间基因型频率分布,给出各世代基因型信息熵、母子间基因型联合信息熵的算式,并证明二者随世代交替逐渐减少,最终趋于定值,群体最终达到一种远离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的非平衡定态.模拟结果验证了所得...